20. October 2025

Statistics at the limit: Our paper on thermodynamics in two-state systems is published Statistics at the limit: Our paper on thermodynamics in two-state systems is published

Thermodynamics is usually associated with large systems in which many particles can be distributed across a large number of states. But even systems in which few particles can be distributed across only two states follow thermodynamic laws, as the work of Christian and Andreas shows. This may enable the construction of novel light sources in the future that combine the advantages of lasers with those of incandescent lamps.

Double Well
Double Well - A double well potential for photons: Photons can poulate either the symmetric (low energy) state or the antisymmetric, high energy state of the double well. © Andreas Redmann / Uni Bonn
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Our study appeared in Physical Review Letters.

Population
Population - As expect for bosons, the population in the symmetric and antisymmetric state favours the ground state for large occupation, even as the splitting is smaller than thermal energy. © AG Weitz / Uni Bonn

Christian Kurtscheid, Andreas Redmann, Frank Vewinger, Julian Schmitt und Martin Weitz
Thermodynamics and State Preparation in a Two-State System of Light
Physical Review Letters 135, 160406 (2025)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/kynj-l87s

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